1.The Immune System: Our Natural Defense
Explain the two main types of immunity:
A. Innate Immunity
First line of defense (skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes).
Non-specific but rapid response.
B. Adaptive Immunity
Highly specific (B-cells, T-cells, antibodies).
Creates immunological memory (basis for vaccines)
2. How Infections Trigger Immune Responses
Pathogen recognition (PAMPs & PRRs).
Inflammation: Good (fighting infection) vs. Bad (chronic inflammation).
Role of fever, cytokines, and white blood cells.
3. When Immunity Fails: Immunodeficiency & Autoimmunity
Immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV/AIDS, Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders).
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus) – where the immune system attacks the body.
4. Boosting Immunity: Vaccines and Lifestyle
Vaccines (how they train the immune system).
Nutrition (Vitamin C, D, Zinc).
Healthy habits (sleep, exercise, stress management).
5. Emerging Research & Future Directions
Advances in immunotherapy.
Antibiotic resistance challenges.
Personalized medicine for immune-related diseases.